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In ancient Roman religion and myth, Luna is the divine embodiment of the Moon (Latin ''luna''; cf. English "lunar"). She is often presented as the female complement of the Sun (Sol) conceived of as a god. Luna is also sometimes represented as an aspect of the Roman triple goddess (''diva triformis'' ), along with Proserpina and Hecate. ''Luna'' is not always a distinct goddess, but sometimes rather an epithet that specializes a goddess, since both Diana and Juno are identified as moon goddesses.〔C.M.C. Green, ''Roman Religion and the Cult of Diana at Aricia'' (Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 73.〕 In Roman art, Luna's attributes are the crescent moon and the two-yoke chariot (''biga'' ). In the ''Carmen Saeculare'', performed in 17 BC, Horace invokes her as the "two-horned queen of the stars" (''siderum regina bicornis'' ), bidding her to listen to the girls singing as Apollo listens to the boys.〔Horace, ''Carmen Saeculare'', lines 33–36.〕 Varro categorized Luna and Sol among the visible gods, as distinguished from invisible gods such as Neptune, and deified mortals such as Hercules.〔Varro, frg. 23 (Cardauns) = Tertullian, ''Ad nationes'' 2.2.14–2-; Attilio Mastrocinque, "Creating One's Own Religion: Intellectual Choices," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', p. 383.〕 She was one of the deities Macrobius proposed as the secret tutelary of Rome.〔Jörg Rüpke, ''Religion of the Romans'', p. 133.〕 In Imperial cult, Sol and Luna can represent the extent of Roman rule over the world, with the aim of guaranteeing peace.〔William Van Andringa, "Religion and the Integration of Cities in the Empire in the Second Century AD: The Creation of a Common Religious Language," in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'' (Blackwell, 2007), p. 94.〕 Luna's Greek counterpart was Selene. In Roman art and literature, myths of Selene are adapted under the name of Luna. The myth of Endymion, for instance, was a popular subject for Roman wall painting.〔Annemarie Kaufmann-Heinimann, "Religion in the House", in ''A Companion to Roman Religion'', p. 188.〕 ==Cult and temples== Varro lists Luna among twelve deities who are vital to agriculture,〔Varro, ''De re rustica'' 1.1.4–6.〕 as does Vergil in a different list of twelve, in which he refers to Luna and Sol as ''clarissima mundi lumina'', the world's clearest sources of light.〔Vergil, ''Georgics'' 1.5–25.〕 Varro also lists Luna among twenty principal gods of Rome (''di selecti'' ).〔Varro, as preserved by Augustine of Hippo, ''De Civitate Dei'' 7.2.〕 In this list, Luna is distinguished from both Diana and Juno, who also appear on it. The Romans dated the cultivation of Luna as a goddess at Rome to the semi-legendary days of the kings. Titus Tatius was supposed to have imported the cult of Luna to Rome from the Sabines,〔Varro, ''De lingua latina'' 5.74; Dionysius of Halicarnassus 2.50.3.〕 but Servius Tullius was credited with the creation of her temple on the Aventine Hill, just below a temple of Diana.〔Orosius 5.12.3–10; ''De Vir. Ill.'' 65; Lawrence Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome'' (Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), p. 238.〕 The anniversary of the temple founding (''dies natalis'' ) was celebrated annually on March 31.〔Ovid, ''Fasti'' 3.883–84; Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary,'' p. 238.〕 It first appears in Roman literature in the story of how in 182 BC a windstorm of exceptional power blew off its doors, which crashed into the Temple of Ceres below it on the slope.〔Livy 40.2.2; Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary,'' p. 238.〕 In 84 BC, it was struck by lightning, the same day the popularist leader Cinna was murdered by his troops.〔Appian, ''Bellum Civile'' 1.78.〕 The Aventine temple may have been destroyed by the Great Fire of Rome during the reign of Nero.〔Tacitus, ''Annales'' 15.41; Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary,'' p. 238.〕 As Noctiluna ("Night-Shiner") Luna had a temple on the Palatine Hill, which Varro described as shining or glowing by night. Nothing else is known about the temple, and it is unclear what Varro meant.〔Varro, ''De lingua latina'' 5.68; Richardson, ''A New Topographical Dictionary,'' p. 238.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Luna (goddess)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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